A female with chronic diarrhoea and loss of weight Essays - Medicine

A female with chronic diarrhoea and loss of weight Essays - Medicine A female with chronic diarrhoea and loss of weight : Analysis of a case : A 25-year- old female, Valli, from Chennai, India , visited the medical outpatient department for complaints of diarrhoea and flatulence off and on for the past 5 years , more so since 3 months . She said that she had lost a considerable amount of weight and always felt weak and exhausted. She also admitted having low backache since 3 months. She said her faeces were bulky, greasy and foul smelling. Throughout childhood, she had persistent diarrhoea but the symptoms subsided in adolescence. She was referred to a gastroenterologist. The consultant arranged for blood and faecal analyses. The faecal tests showed that she had steatorrhoea and the blood examination revealed a dimorphic anaemia with a low serum calcium. Her serum electrolytes and prothrombin time were within normal limits. The consultant suspected coeliac disease and arranged for an endoscopy. An endoscopic biopsy of the mucosa taken showed flattening of the villi with excess of plasma cells in the submucosa. What is coeliac disease? It is an abnormal reaction to gluten, a constituent of wheat flour, leading on to diarrhea and malabsorption. It is also called gluten-sensitive enteropathy, with the onset of symptoms occurring at ages ranging from the first year of life through the eighth decade What is the basic defect in this condition? The basic defect is enterocyte damage causing atrophy of the villi and malabsorption caused by Gluten, a constituent of wheat flour. The damage is due to an abnormal immune response to gliadins ,especially -gliadin, components of gluten. What is its aetiology? It is genetic, immunologic and environmental. It is a T-cell mediated disease. Antibodies to the enzyme transglutaminase released in tissues during inflammation are present in 98 %.Deamidation of gliadin by transglutaminase generates a recognition site for CD4 T lymphocytes; the locally activated lymphocytes trigger production of cytokines which then cause the damage. Gliadin peptides interact with gliadin-specific T cells that mediate tissue injury and induce the release of one or more cytokines (e.g., IFN-) that cause tissue injury. Transglutaminase antibodies also affect the differentiation of epithelial cells, by interfering with the action of the enzyme. What is the HLA associated with celiac disease? All patients express the HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 allele, though only a minority of people expressing DQ2/DQ8 have celiac disease. Absence of DQ2/DQ8 excludes the diagnosis of celiac disease What are the clinical features? The symptoms of celiac disease may appear with the introduction of cereals in an infant's diet, although spontaneous remissions often occur during the second decade of life that may be either permanent or followed by the reappearance of symptoms over several years. Alternatively, the symptoms of celiac disease may first become evident at almost any age throughout adulthood. In many patients, frequent spontaneous remissions and exacerbations occur. The symptoms range from significant malabsorption of multiple nutrients, with diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, and the consequences of nutrient depletion (i.e., anemia and metabolic bone disease), to the absence of any gastrointestinal symptoms but with evidence of the depletion of a single nutrient (e.g., iron or folate deficiency, osteomalacia, edema from protein loss). Some have manifestations that are not obviously related to intestinal malabsorption, e.g., anemia, osteopenia, infertility, neurologic symptoms ("atypical celiac disease"); while an even larger group are essentially asymptomatic though with abnormal small intestinal histopathology and serologies and are referred to as "silent' celiac disease. What are the likely causes of diarrhoea in coeliac disease? High concentrations of unabsorbed nutrients in the chime would lead to osmotic diarrhea.However the delivery of large amounts of fat into the colon can result in the production of hydroxylated fatty acidsby colonic bacteria. These act as cathartics. Diarrhea may be secondary to (1) steatorrhea, which is primarily a result of the changes in jejunal mucosal function; (2) secondary lactase deficiency, a consequence of changes in jejunal brush border enzymatic function; (3) bile acid malabsorption resulting in bile acid-induced fluid secretion in the colon, in cases with more extensive disease involving the ileum; and (4) endogenous fluid secretion resulting from crypt hyperplasia. How do you arrive at a diagnosis? A small-intestinal biopsy is required to establish a diagnosis of celiac disease. The classical changes seen on duodenal/jejunal biopsy are restricted to the mucosa and include (1) an increase in the

Definition of Canon in Fiction and Literature

Definition of Canon in Fiction and Literature In fiction and literature, the canon is the collection of works considered representative of a period or genre. The collected works of William Shakespeare, for instance, would be part of the canon of western literature, since his writing and writing style has had a significant impact on nearly all aspects of that genre. How the Canon Changes The accepted body of work that comprises the canon of Western literature has evolved and changed over the years, however. For centuries, it was populated primarily by white men and was not representative of Western culture as a whole.   Over time, some works become less pertinent in the canon as theyre replaced by more modern counterparts. For instance, the works of Shakespeare and Chaucer are still considered significant.  But lesser-known writers of the past, such as William Blake and Matthew Arnold, have faded in relevance, replaced by modern counterparts like Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises), Langston Hughes (Harlem ), and Toni Morrison (Beloved). Origin of the Word Canon In religious terms, a canon is a standard of judgment or a text containing those views, such as the Bible or the Koran. Sometimes within religious traditions, as views evolve or change, some formerly canonical texts become apocryphal, meaning outside the realm of whats considered representative. Some apocryphal works are never granted formal  acceptance but are influential nevertheless. An example of an apocryphal text in Christianity would be the Gospel of Mary Magdelene. This is a highly controversial text not widely recognized in the Church - but it is believed to be the words of one of Jesus closest companions.   Cultural Significance and Canon Literature People of color have become more prominent parts of the canon as a past emphasis on Eurocentrism has waned. For example, contemporary writers such as Louise Erdrich (The Round House), Amy Tan (The Joy Luck Club), and James Baldwin (Notes of a Native Son) are representative of entire subgenres of African-American, Asian-American, and Native American styles of writing.   Posthumous Additions Some writers and artists work is not as well appreciated in their time, and their writing becomes part of the canon many years after their deaths. This is especially true of female writers such as Charlotte Bronte (Jane Eyre), Jane Austen (Pride and Prejudice), Emily Dickinson (Because I Could Not Stop for Death), and Virginia Woolf (A Room of Ones Own). The Evolving Canon Literary Definition Many teachers and schools rely on the canon to teach students about literature, so its crucial that it includes works that are representative of society, providing a snapshot of a given point in time. This, of course, has led to many disputes among literary scholars over the years. Arguments about which works are worthy of further examination and study are likely to continue as cultural norms and mores shift and evolve.   By studying canonical works of the past, we gain a new appreciation for them from a modern perspective. For instance, Walt Whitmans epic poem Song of Myself is now viewed as a seminal work of gay literature. During Whitmans lifetime, it was not necessarily read within that context.

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategy - Essay Example Then in 1998 it further modified with its ‘Two transformation’ strategy which basically meant shifting from a mainly global shipping industry into a global logistics carrier and also, from a cross-border company to a multinational conglomerate (Zhang, Liu and Lorange, p.745). The path that the company has taken has revolutionized the way it has achieved success but this did not come as an easy task, instead this is most apparent in its diversity of operations that almost seem impractical. From a shipping carrier, it has verged into other allied enterprises such as international shipping, terminal operations, shipbuilding and repair and logistics. But aside from this, they also have interests in unrelated undertakings like banking, financing and others. This multiplicity has mostly been possible because of its characteristics as a state-owned enterprise. It would be more practicable as a measure of system integration for COSCO to delineate its focus on its core businesses in convergence with allied ventures. As it is, COSCO is standing resembling something almost near to a deck of cards with billions at stake in its numerous operations. To receive optimum result, each sector must be integrated to the others by forming a network of sub-entities coming together through the core objectives that distinctly makes it within the ambit of the COSCO brand. This poses somewhat a difficulty in the current number of networks within the vast corporation but this is a necessity to secure the sustainability of the corporation that it will not only be able to overcome the cyclical pattern of industry one step at a time but also to create a highly sustainable customized strategy to its own benefit towards further and perpetual

Behaviours and Responsibilities for Males and Females Essay

Behaviours and Responsibilities for Males and Females - Essay Example Personally, many of the things taught at home from the moment I was still young like how a man and a woman should act themselves in the society. Parents from the past are strongly adhering to the rules about gender, especially the religious ones for they tend to educate their children based on how their culture dictates the necessary things to do. For example, the culture in the past taught men and women that marriage should be for a man and a woman. There must be no such thing as marriage for same sex. However, this perspective has changed over time. Teaching about the things telling us that there should be no sexual relationship between people of the same sex was explicit to me. Nowadays, many of the people who claimed to be homosexuals may think that the rule in the past about marriage sounds unfair on their part. This is the reason why many of them nowadays are trying to establish another rule that would be able to give them freedom for their desire and so on. At some point, the rules in the past taught me how I should establish my life today. There are some consequences in being part of this rule, because after all, I found that I am being part of the society as a whole, where it matters a lot how the society defines what is good and what is bad. As an adult, it is easy now to understand what is good and bad, and to be explicit about it, there are some things that the society is trying to establish in each of us, but defying them would make someone deviant at some point. This is the reality of life. That is why, at some point, for as long as there is no harm that it can contribute to the society, being deviant, defying what is norm, makes me sometimes free to express myself at some point. That is my individuality, making me unique and someone different from the rest.

The threat of terrorism warrants the curtailment of civil liberties Essay

The threat of terrorism warrants the curtailment of civil liberties (Persuasion ) - Essay Example These terrorist groups also have the latest in satellite imaging, in weapons technology, in biological and chemical weapons capability, and even cyber-terrorism. And they are not afraid to use these weapons and technological advancements on as many people as possible. They are not bound to honor the laws of man and of God in unleashing these weapons; but the different countries and governments trying to counter these terrorist attacks and weapons are pressured to abide by their laws. And because of terrorists’ disregard for laws coupled with their potential to wreak havoc on people’s lives, I believe that stronger means must be employed in order to protect and ensure our safety and security. There are necessary measures, like the curtailment of civil liberties, which have to be employed in order to counter the threat of terrorism. An opinion survey conducted by YouGov in the UK sought people’s perception or opinion about the government’s proposal to control civil liberties and the survey revealed that a great majority of respondents believe that it is appropriate to curtail the movements of terrorist suspects even if the usual trial policies cannot be applied to them. The survey also revealed that most people favored preemptive actions to be taken by the government in order to control or address the threat of terrorism (2). Majority of the respondents also set forth that they do not accept the idea that government authorities can never curtail anyone’s civil liberties, especially when it is essential to their national security (2). In the same survey, the respondents were asked if they rated national security as more important than the protection of their civil liberties. Again, majority of the respondents believed that national security is more important to them, and only about 3% answer ed that their civil liberties were more

Mise-en-scene is the language of films

Mise-en-scene is the language of films It is vital to understand the meaning of Mise-en-scene before describing it in any movie. Mise-en-scene is basically a French word, which in English means; putting into the scene. In short, Mise-en-scene is the language of films through which the viewer is able to gather and extract relative information. It helps in showing the viewer, about what is going on in the film, the motives, and most importantly it helps conveying the film makers message. Tim Burton however, has a very distinctive style in filmmaking, considering the use of various elements of Mise-en-scene in almost all of his films, especially Edward Scissorhands in 1990. Tim Burton has his own imagination of good and bad people, which have nothing to do with appearance, for him they could be very misleading. In Edward scissor hands, after looking at Edward one can easily mistake it with a horror film and that Edward is some cold blooded monster, just because of his leather garments and his scissor hands, his appearance is deceiving. Behind the clothes, the pale face full of cuts, long sharp scissors and messy hair, there is a child with genuine goodness who can be trusted. Jhonny Depp, who played the character of Edward in Edward Scissorhands, has remarkably carried out the roll, just as Tim Burton would have wanted him to. Due to his acting skills, the viewers were able to sympathize with the character. His expressions showed the viewers how innocent and well mannered Edward was. Behind that horrible attire there laid a heart, which needed some love and care. Whereas, Tim Burton, in order to give the audience the right idea of the main character, other than the acting skills, costume and make up, has competently used the camera angles, lighting etc. But that completely depends on the role that has been chosen for the actors. For instance, in Sweeny Todd, again Jhonny Depp, who played the role of Sweeny Todd himself, was white, pale and lacked a lot of sunlight. Other than sunlight, just after one glimpse anyone could easily tell that he is deprived of life and something terrible has had happened with him. In this movie, he lived up to his getup; He looked evil, and he was evil. The way Tim Burton makes Jhonny Depp dress up, wear his costume, and the makeup itself is Mise-en-scene, which is very either fascinating or unexpected. It is always a mystery after looking at the character, what the movie would be about or what role would the actor be playing. When it comes to manipulating the audiences attention, Tim Burton is always one step ahead. Furthermore, Tim Burton usually uses contrasting colors. Colors also play a high role in his Mise-en-scene which he easily uses for manipulation. For example, in Edward Scissor hands, the mansion where Edward lives and the mountain on which the mansion is are set in a dark grey shade with black clouds above, which strongly contrasts to the pastel colors of the suburb below. This is also seen in the dress code of the people. Edward wears black leather clothes and even later he dresses up in black and white while the others dress up in soft pastels and look too colorful. Since black is denoted for evil, at first glance the viewers mistake Edward for being evil, his Scissorhands complimenting his image. If Edward was dressed up in pastel colors too, the image would have never been able to be achieved. The manipulating part comes in, like already mentioned the suburbs were of pastel colors and so were the people, which are very harmless colors yet the people living in there were more malevolent than the black and white, monster like looking Edward with his terrifying scissor hands. The colorful people kept on taking advantage of Edward and as soon as they had enough of him, the abandoned him. Moreover, the contrast between residents of the suburb and Edward is maintained throughout the movie, denoting every time no matter what Edward does, he shall always remain an outsider. Similarly in Sleepy Hollow, again the colors have enhanced the mood of the film, straight away hinting the viewers what kind of a movie it would be. Tim Burton was able to keep his audiences engaged by the way he was able to create dramatic effects by desaturated colors, using dark colors with splashes of grey, red, white and other bold colors. Which immediately felt oppressive and created a feeling of tension and anyone could tell that the movie is going to be quite unpleasant. In the film, the town of Sleepy Hollow is shown gloomy, dark and lifeless. Even the colors of trees and the landscapes are shown in a cool grey color. That represented the people living there, and how they were feeling with the mishaps going on in their hometown. In fact, the clothes worn by many people in the town are also oppressive and dark except for the Van Tassel family, who rather believed in wearing refined and elegant clothes. The eye- catching part were the clothes Katrina always wore, mostly bright colors perhaps, reflecting her youth and innocence which could not be seen anywhere else in the town. I believe by using bright colors on Katrina and using contrasting backgrounds against her, Tim Burton was able to catch the viewers interest.

Ghost Story of Santa Fe Ghost Trail Essay -- Ghost Stories Urban Lege

Santa Fe Ghost Trail As I sat down with the narrator in his dorm on a Sunday afternoon—not the most appropriate time for ghost stories—he told me this well known ghost story from New Mexico. The storyteller is an 18-year-old male freshman majoring in international relations who is from Bethesda, Maryland. He is biracial with an American father and a Taiwanese mother. Born in California and raised in Colorado, the storyteller is a converted Christian. The teller was in the Boy Scouts, which is where this story comes from: There’s this really small highway town in New Mexico called Cimarron, and it’s small now but in the late 19th century it was a bustling crossroads for all sorts of people – gold speculators, ranchers, oilmen, and especially those vagrant characters, like Billy the Kid, seeking refuge from whatever lawman was on his tail. In Cimarron is this hotel, the Santa Fe Hotel, and they say that this place is the most haunted hotel still in operation, in the west. The lights flicker on and off, and people, visitors just say they encounter really weird things – like if you go in this one room, you might see a woman out of the corner of your eye, sitting on the windowsill and looking out for someone. And when you turn to face her, she disappears, but all of a sudden you smell a subtle waft of strawberry-scented perfume. Weird – yet you still not sure if this is true? Sounds sketchy, I know. Oh – I should say this hotel is haunted because 23 people have b een shot to death in the hotel, either from a bar-fight or card-game or something. Well I went to stay at the hotel for a night, before I headed on to a nearby Boy Scout camp. I went with my troop, and we all got our own rooms. Guess what room I got – the strawbe... ... he brought it back with his great emphasis and repetition of certain words. For example, he repeatedly imitated the clicking sounds that he experienced. This reenactment drew the attention of the audience and placed the audience in the hotel room that he was sleeping in, therefore made the story scarier. Also, the storyteller narrated in the first person. Because his personal experience was incorporated into the story, it made the story seem closer to the audience. An interesting aspect of the story is that it incorporates an actual location and history into a ghost story: it is intriguing because the mysterious events occur in an accessible place that people can go and visit. Works Cited â€Å"Santa Fe hotel echoes with legends.† CNN news. Oct 12, 2004. http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&category=475&item=2278226756&rd=1 (Oct 16, 2004).

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: Whose Philosofy Made Most Sense Essay

Martin Luther king, Jr and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X grew up in different environments. King was raised in a middle-class family where education was important, and Malcolm X came from a family of low class He was a self-taught man who received little schooling and became who he is on his own. Martin Luther King was born into a good family. Despite segregation, Martin Luther King’s parents tried everything so that he could be and happy. He was a smart student and passed the enterance exam to Morehouse University at the age of 15. Malcolm X was was raised in a completely different place than King, an a place of and anger. Becaue of the burning of his house his father died. His mother then suffered a nervous breakdown and his family was split up. After his mother had a mental breakdown, the he was placed in foster homes. Malcolm X’s anger was increased as he went through integrated schooling. he was driven by hate and a desire for revenge. he decided to drop out of school and move to Boston with his half sister. Because of the life that Malcolm X and Martin Luther King lived was responsible for the distinct different responses to American racism. Both men were important to the African-American culture and had a great influence on black Americans. However, King had a more positive attitude than Malcolm X. He believed that through peaceful demonstrations and arguments blacks were able to someday achieve full equality with whites. Because Malcolm X’s life was based on angry belief he thought that equality was impossible because whites had evil. King basically adopted on a more peacefull philosophy that thought that blacks and whites should be united and live together in peace, but Malcolm X promoted nationalist and separatist doctrines. For most of his life, he believed that only through revolution and force blacks and white wuld be equal and live in a better inviorment. Education was also important. Blacks and whites. they where segregated and the conditions in sertain schools where not good. King knew that black people were’nt completing high school as much as white people. Malcolm x also was intersted in desegregated education, and stoping segregation in schools. They wanted schools to be equal and they both worked hard trying to break it. Malcolm x and martin luther king had different views on economics. One thing that martin luther king thought that black people should do is black people should try to go to protest for their belives. Malcolm x belived that if black people where to defeat with violence. The white people would give blacks what they deserved. Martin Luther king and Malcolm X both had different views on how america should be and people also saw them as two different people but they both had the same target. That target was to make blacks and whites free and equal. Even though Malcolm X belived in violence in order to get his way for the people he made a huge in america. So did Martin Luther king. He wanted people to show peace and Non-violence in order to get equality. In conclution, whose philosophy did make the most sense for America in 1960’s? Well martin luther kings philosophy mad more sense because he wanted to bring peace to the people, he was fair to all white and black people, and he connected more with the people since he belived in Cristian religion.

English Research Paper Topics #038; Ideas

English Research Paper Topics #038; Ideas The subject of English is connected to the study of language. In particular, it concerns the practical constituent of learning, which is the use of English. However, it does not emphasize the theoretical issues as linguistics does. Thus, English is connected to other subjects and spheres of knowledge because they give the necessary topics to discuss, speculate, and research to improve the command of English. In such a way, the topics that are the concern of research in English may be connected to any subject. However, the topics will be limited by the depth of the subject learning to satisfy the goals of learning English; the research papers do not have to concern specific details of the study but remain superficial. Topics and Ideas for English Research Paper Here are some examples of topics for the English research paper: Is it Better to Live in the City or Village? In this research paper, the issue of living environment will be investigated. The issue concerns urbanization, which was a popular trend in the 20th century and remains as such nowadays. The research will concern the advantages and disadvantages of city and village concerning the environment, employment, and infrastructure. Pagan Origins of the Christmas Festival This research paper will concern the history of Christmas and its connection to pagan festivals, such as Yule, celebrated by Germanic peoples, Koliada, celebrated by Slavic peoples, and Modranicht, celebrated by Anglo-Saxon peoples. The research will concern the rituals, such as the Christmas tree, which was derived from the Yule log, symbolic items, such as mistletoe, and the timing of the holidays, which is always the date in proximity to the 20th of December.   Thus, this particular topic is a part of the broader one that is Christian assimilation of pagan cultures. What is the Best Eco-Friendly Vehicle for the Majority of the Population? This research topic will concern the issues of environment and different means of transportation. First, it would be crucial to establish the needs of the majority of the population. Second, various Eco-friendly means of transport, such as a bicycle, hybrid car, and electric car will be compared in their ability to satisfy the needs mentioned above. Finally, the means of transportation will be compared in regards to the waste they produce, as well as the upstream waste level. In What Ways Did the Trains Influence the History of the US? This research topic will concern the period of time beginning from the construction of the first railroad until modern times. Special attention will be paid to the time frames from the 18th until the 19th century when the railroads served as the number one means of transportation across the country. Moreover, since building railroads required many person-hours, such work was often executed by African-American slaves, who were constantly used as a source of cheap labor. Furthermore, trains were utilized in the Civil War, which was the bloodiest conflict on the territory of the US. Thus, this paper will concern the way railroads influenced the events from US history. Are Wars Becoming More Humane? With technological progress, the way wars are waged has changed drastically. With modern medicine, namely the invention of antibiotics, anesthesia, and advanced surgery, soldiers do not die from contaminated wounds anymore or have their limbs cut while being completely conscious. Concerning the issue of rights, fewer civilians are affected by war now owing to the Geneva Convention (IV) on Civilians, 1949. Furthermore, with modern technologies, drones may scout territories. Thus, this paper will investigate the issue of war, and how it becomes more humane with modern technologies and advancements. What If the Nazi Won WWII? This research topic will study a hypothetical problem of alternate history. The purpose of the paper is to propose a plausible scenario of major historical events after World War II, in which Nazi Germany defeated the Allies. Thus, it is possible either to propose a possible scenario or to analyze the work of fiction literature that is set in such a world. Is It Possible to Build Communism? In this research essay, the doctrine of Communism will be investigated. The central aim of the topic is to find contradictions and unreachable goals in the ideology mentioned above. Thus, the purpose of the essay is to prove or disprove the possibility of establishing Communism in a state. What are the Origins of Fascism? The ideology of Fascism is often misinterpreted due to its use in the Mussolini’s totalitarian regime. Moreover, Giovanni Gentile, the philosopher who came up with the idea of fascism conceived it as a form of democracy. Thus, the concept of Fascism is always misinterpreted, and this paper will study the emergence of fascist ideas, and how they changed in time. Are Freudian Explanations of Psychic Illnesses Correct? Sigmund Freud was a founder of psychoanalysis movement in psychology. His central theories are the Oedipus complex and the idea of libido. Although the theories of Freud were refuted later, and now are considered outdated, the task of this paper is to prove their relevance at the moment of their development. What Were the Chances of Confederates to Win the Civil War? At the beginning of the Civil War, each side was reassured in its dominance over the other. The North was industrialized, it had more railroads, and it blocked the seashores with its naval forces. However, the war took place in the South where the Confederates were familiar with the territory, and the Northerners lacked their railroads. Thus, this paper will analyze the pre-war situation and estimate the chances of the South to win the Civil War. Does Professional Sports Improve Health? According to common opinion, sport always positively influences people’s health. However, some professional sports do more harm than good and may ruin a person’s health. This research will concentrate on problems that are caused by different kinds of professional sports. When Would It Be Possible to Colonize Mars? In the 20th century, the idea of Mars’ colonization was a subject of science fiction. Nowadays, with enthusiasts, such as Elon Musk, humanity develops plans and project of the colonization. Thus, this paper will investigate the issue of colonization of Mars and will predict the possible date of implementation of the project. Why Is Google Spying on Users? The users of Google often notice that the service proposes possible answers for the mail, which means that their messages are being read. Moreover, if a person searches for a certain thing on the Internet, later, Google uses this information in the personalized advertisements. Thus, there is a possibility that Google spies on its users and the goal of this paper is to prove or disprove the fact of espionage. Do Violent Video Games Cause Violence? Violent video games were always a concern for the parents and psychologists. There is a common opinion that states that violent video games cause violence in children. However, another opinion claims that a disbarred attorney, Jack Thompson, who campaigned against video games, caused notoriety of video games. Thus, this paper will analyze psychological articles on the influence of video games on people. Gun Laws American tradition to carry and use weapons is decided to be the reason for aggression and cases of school and public area shootings. To fix the problem, gun laws that restrict the use or the possibility to purchase weapon exist. Thus, this paper will investigate the expediency of laws that restrict or forbid the use or possibility to purchase guns. What Are the Most Possible Future Forms of Government? Some of the corporate giants, such as Google or Amazon, are currently richer than the countries of the third world. Hence, there is a possibility that due to their wealth, these companies will become competitive political powers in the future. Thus, this paper will investigate the possibility of corporations ruling the world in the future. Is Handwriting Necessary in the Digital Age? As typing written information becomes more popular with the more broad use of digital technologies, the necessity of handwriting decreases. However, numerous studies concern the educational and developmental benefits of handwriting. Thus, this research will investigate the necessity of handwriting in schools. What Is the Best Weapon for Citizens’ Self-defense? Due to the risen concern towards gun laws in the US, it is necessary to find the substitution for the firearms that are used as the means of self-defense. Thus, this paper will compare different means of self-defense, such as gas can, electroshock weapon, or traumatic guns. Is It Necessary to Read Fiction Literature? Reading fiction literature is always compared to entertainment, but its benefits are often omitted. However, the benefits of reading fiction are approved by numerous studies and concern the development of empathy and learning the experience of other people’s lives. Thus, this research will study the benefits of reading fiction literature. Brexit The Government of the United Kingdom has repeatedly raised the issue of leaving the European Union. The defenders of Brexit explained this option by mentioning its benefits for the country. Thus, this paper will study the benefits and the drawbacks of Brexit. Conclusion To sum up, the above examples of topics for the English research paper give the opportunity to learn new information and enrich the vocabulary without the unnecessary in-depth study of the interconnected subjects. Thus, working on a research topic in English is an interesting task, which does not require in-depth research. Moreover, the variety of topics can satisfy the interests of every student who has got such a task.

The Economic System of The Vikings

The Economic System of The Vikings Over the 300 years of the Viking Age, and with the expansion of the Norse landnm (new land settlements), the economic structure of the communities changed. In 800 AD, a well-off farmstead in Norway would have been primarily pastoral, based on the raising of cattle, pigs, and goats. The combination worked well in the homelands, and for a time in southern Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Livestock as Trade Goods In Greenland, pigs and then cattle were soon outnumbered by goats as conditions changed and the weather became harsher. Local birds, fish, and mammals became supplemental to the Viking subsistence, but also to the production of trade goods, on which the Greenlanders survived. Commodities to Currency By the 12th-13th centuries AD, cod fishing, falconry, sea mammal oil, soapstone and walrus ivory had become intense commercial efforts, driven by the need to pay taxes to kings and tithes to the church and traded throughout northern Europe. A centralized government in the Scandinavian countries increased the development of trading places and towns, and these commodities became a currency which could be converted into cash for armies, art, and architecture. Greenlands Norse in particular traded heavily on its walrus ivory resources, in the northern hunting grounds until the bottom fell out of the market, which may have led to the demise of the colony. Sources Barrett, James, et al. 2008 Detecting the medieval cod trade: a new method and first results. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(4):850-861. Commisso, R. G. and D. E. Nelson 2008 Correlation between modern plant d15N values and activity areas of Medieval Norse farms. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(2):492-504. Goodacre, S., et al. 2005 Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods. Heredity 95:129–135. Kosiba, Steven B., Robert H. Tykot, and Dan Carlsson 2007 Stable isotopes as indicators of change in the food procurement and food preference of Viking Age and Early Christian populations on Gotland (Sweden). Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26:394–411. Linderholm, Anna, Charlotte Hedenstiema Jonson, Olle Svensk, and Kerstin Lidà ©n 2008 Diet and status in Birka: stable isotopes and grave goods compared. Antiquity 82:446-461. McGovern, Thomas H., Sophia Perdikaris, Arni Einarsson, and Jane Sidell 2006 Coastal connections, local fishing, and sustainable egg harvesting: patterns of Viking Age inland wild resource use in Myvatn district, Northern Iceland. Environmental Archaeology 11(2):187-205. Milner, Nicky, James Barrett, and Jon Welsh 2007 Marine resource intensification in Viking Age Europe: the molluscan evidence from Quoygrew, Orkney. Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1461-1472. Perdikaris, Sophia and Thomas H. McGovern 2006 Cod Fish, Walrus, and Chieftains: Economic intensification in the Norse North Atlantic. Pp. 193-216 in Seeking a Richer Harvest: The Archaeology of Subsistence Intensification, Innovation, and Change, Tina L. Thurston and Christopher T. Fisher, editors. Studies in Human Ecology and Adaptation, volume 3. Springer US: New York. Thurborg, Marit 1988 Regional Economic Structures: An Analysis of the Viking Age Silver Hoards from Oland, Sweden. World Archaeology 20(2):302-324.

Understanding of operations in the hospitality sector Essay

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